The gripping force applied to a test specimen by a grip is determined by hydraulic pressure supplied to the grip. The ideal gripping force is large enough to securely grip the specimen but low enough to minimize damage or deformation of the specimen and to prevent specimen slippage during the test. ...

A million cycles on a hip or knee simulator is considered a million steps an average person takes per year. Most test components are simulated up to 5 million cycles or equivalent to 5 years use in the body. Hip components when simulated typically have a run-in phase followed by a steady-state phase...