utilizes indigenous CO2 propellant to provide Mars exploration with greatly enhanced mobility. The gashopper will acquire CO2 gas from the Martian atmosphere, and store... it in liquid form at a pressure of about 10 bar. When enough CO2 is stored to make a substantial ballistic trajectory hop to another Mars site of interest, the CO2 propellant tank... will be moderately heated to raise it to 70 bar. The propellant is then run through a hot pellet bed to form high temperature gas that is expanded through a nozzle to produce thrust. The...

for currently running projects.Your patience and understanding is appreciated. Past Pioneer Astronautics Projects Alternate Propellant Thermal Rocket Advanced Gashopper Mobility... (MACDOF) Mars GasHopper Airplane Mars Integrated Propellant Production System Mars ISRU Combuster Mars McLOX Rocket Propulsion System Mars Microballoon Probe Mars Solar Balloon...

of need for rocket propellant frees them from the velocity limits imposed by the rocket equation. Conventional solar sails made of aluminized plastic films cannot reach velocities...

requirements are reduced by one-third compared to those required for other gases. In the proposed Phase 2, a sea glider bouyancy engine capable of propelling an 1100 liter displacement sea...

act as an effective braking device. The ability to slow spacecraft from relativistic to interplanetary velocities without the use of rocket propellant results in a dramatic lowering... both maneuvering in heliocentric space and deceleration of ultra-high velocity interstellar spacecraft without the use of propellant. It also provides an option for lowering...